Sunday, January 26, 2020
McDonalds Corporation in India
McDonalds Corporation in India Organization; McDonalds is the worlds leading fast food chain with 31,000 local restaurants in 118 different countries and collectively serving more than 58 million people (www.aboutmcdonalds.com). Due to globalization and internationalization, the corporation established joint ventures, and later franchises, which enabled them to spread into other countries, like India. This turned McDonalds into a multi-billion dollar enterprise (McDonalds Annual Report 2008). Founded in 1937 by brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald, the fast food chain began as a drive-in restaurant in California (Vignali 2001). In 1954, Ray Croc saw an opportunity in the fast food market and initiated a deal with the brothers, giving him rights to franchise McDonalds in America (Vignali 2001). By 1965, there were over 700 McDonalds restaurants in the country and in 1967, the corporation went global by opening restaurants in Canada and Puerto Rico (www.aboutmcdonalds.com). Since then, an average of 4.2 new McDonalds restaurants is opened daily around the world (Hill 2009), one of which included Indias first McDonalds in Mumbai in 1996 (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). The American fast food chain is the focus of this report because of its increasing international presence in the world. The literature review covers an overview of the strategies and models that will help better understand McDonalds move into the Indian market. The discussion and analysis section will focus on McDonalds in particular and the challenges and competition the corporation faced in this new foreign market. Lastly, the report will conclude with recommendations on how and what McDonalds can do to better their performance in India. Literature Review Globalization refers to the growing interdependent relationships among people from different cultures and nations as physical and psychological walls collapse, barriers to the movement of trade, capital and people are blurred and modern technology is integrated (Daniels et. al. 2009; Hill 2009). This indicates the two main factors that drive globalization are the decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, services and capital, and the change in technology (Daniels et. al. 2009). Internationalization involves customizing business strategies depending on cultural, regional and national differences (Vignali 2001). Since the 20th century, more corporations have become global to create value for their organizations and to achieve competitive advantage. This was followed by the development of multinational enterprises or corporations (Daniels et. al. 2009). According to Vignali (2001), globalization involves marketing standardized products the same way everywhere, thus viewing the world as a single entity (Vignali 2001). However, the reality is that nations, cultures and people vary around the world. Corporations need more than just globalization to succeed in the international market. According to Taylor (see Vignali 2001), companies should think global, act local (Vignali 2001, p.98) by combining internationalization and globalization elements to create a competitive advantage. Entry Modes Determining the appropriate entry mode for a corporation is a complex task. Hill, Hwang and Kim (1990) state that different entry modes have different levels of control over foreign operations, in terms of managing operational and strategic decision-making. Some of the common entry modes used by global corporations are franchising and joint ventures (Hill 2009). Franchising is when a company, or franchisor, sells intangible property, like a trademark, to the franchisee with the stipulation that the franchisee abides the by the rules and conditions specified in the franchising contract (Hill 2009). The rules as to how franchisees operate a restaurant extends to control over the menu, cooking methods, staffing policies, and design and location. This is a common strategy approached by many fast food chains. By franchising to local people, the delivery and interpretation of something foreign is translated by the local people, in terms of both product and service (Vignali 2001), and the costs of running the business is cheaper. However, franchising may inhibit a corporation taking profits out of one country to support competitive attacks in another country (Hill 2009). Also, the quality of the brand in the foreign country may not be the same or up to par as the quality of the brand of products in the corporations native country, which is ultimately bad for business (Hill 2009). Joint venture is sharing ownership between two or more companies and the percentage of ownership varies from 50% to more or less (Daniels et. al. 2009). It has similar advantages as franchising but can have more problems, such as lack of control of technology (Hill 2009). When choosing the market it is important to consider long-term economic benefits including the market size, the present wealth of consumers in the market, and the future wealth of the consumers, which depends on the economic growth rate (Hill 2009). Hill (2009) argues the product value in the foreign market is another deciding factor. This depends on if the product is suitable to the market and the local competition. As they turn global, organizations are transformed in terms of their strategies, operations, management, marketing, and human and material resources and services (Daniels et. al. 2009). This is because foreign markets have different physical, social and competitive factors from the domestic market, and this affects the objectives and the strategy of the corporation (Daniels et. al. 2009). IR Model Companies that operate internationally face two forces: pressures for global integration and pressures for local responsiveness (Daniels et. al. 2009). In their research paper, Doz and Prahalad (1984) explain economic, technological and competitive conditions push global integration, whereas diversity in customer needs, distribution channels, media and trade barriers between countries push responsiveness. Research shows that the higher the pressure for global integration, the greater the need to maximize efficiency through standardization (Daniels et. al 2009). Customers accept standardized products and this reduces costs for the corporation (Daniels et. al 2009). But, international corporations are under pressure to adapt their operations to the local market conditions and local customer demands, as well as adhere to the policies mandated by host-country governments, which varies around the world (Daniels et. al. 2009).                The integration-responsiveness model, shown in figure 1, was initially developed by Prahalad and Doz in 1987 and then developed further by Bartlett and Ghoshal in 1989. It shows the interaction between global integration and local responsiveness (Daniels et. al. 2009). The IR model presents four strategies to guide how international corporations will enter and compete in the foreign market: international strategy, multidomestic strategy, global strategy and transnational strategy.                International strategy is adopted by corporations when they want to influence their core competencies by expanding into foreign markets. Secondly, a multidomestic corporation is locally responsive (Daniels et. al. 2009, p.475) as it allows each of its operations in foreign countries to act independently. The subsidiaries have the freedom to respond to the preferences of their local customers when designing, making and marketing products (Daniels et. al. 2009). A global strategy maximizes integration and it pushes a company to make a standardized product for a global market, such as shampoo. Lastly, transnational strategy differentiates capabilities and contributions from country to country allowing companies to learn from them. It endorses an integrated framework of technology, financial resources, creative ideas, and people (Daniels et. al. 2009). Culture                Hofstede, a key researcher in the subject, defines culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another (see Hill 2009, p.89). Banerjee (2008) adds it is a set of values, ideas, artefacts, and other meaningful symbols that shape our attitudes and actions. Globalization has given rise to a new concept of no-border (Banerjee 2008, p.368) world. Cultures merge, change and evolve as people move around the world; this has increased rapidly due to improved technology, the birth of the internet and expanding networks of interpersonal and mass communications (Craig and Douglas 2006). As mentioned earlier in this report, corporations become international to create value and gain competitive advantage. One means of doing this is by promoting cultural diversity (Daniels et. al. 2009) as people from diverse backgrounds and experiences are brought together. When divergent cultures come in contact, cultural collision takes place. In adjacent to this theory of cultural collision, Craig, Douglas and Bennett (2009) introduce Americanization, a type of internationalization, which refers to the spread of American culture through US corporations. Establishing a global platform allows individuals and organizations to interact with each other, regardless of time, space and language. Globalization leads to plenty of opportunities, but it has also gives rise to challenges. Mayo (see Rawwas 2000) found that first-time exporters often fail as they try to expand internationally is because they were unable to understand cultural differences and foreign business practices. Rawwas (2000) concludes that an enhanced sensitivity to cultural variables is needed (p.203) for understanding the needs of international customers and making the necessary decisions to meet them. Discussion and Analysis                McDonalds has been operating in India since 1996 and has a total of 160 restaurants nationwide (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). Its strategy is to achieve best value by offering the best quality, while prices are kept reasonable (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). McDonalds success is attributed to its commitment to deliver quality, service, cleanliness and value to customers, increasing the number of outlets to improve convenience, and finally, its investment in supplier development, training and people (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). Entry Modes The growth of the emerging Indian market is attributed to the resurgence in manufacturing sector, growth in service sector, and bigger foreign investments (Sharma and Srinivasan 2008), as well as technological changes, GDP growth, and increase in literacy and income levels (Dana and Vignali 1998). Sharma and Srinivasan (2008) list Indias infrastructure, its economic development, market size, present and future wealth of consumers, and consumer culture as the main attraction for foreign investors. Hill (2009) and other researchers specify Indias large and relatively prosperous middle class of around 100 million (Harding 2000) was a main attraction for McDonalds. In addition, Sharma and Srinivasan (2008) state the expectation of India to be one of the top three economies in the world by 2050, along with China and USA also presented ample opportunities for the American corporation. It was a major risk on McDonalds part as India is the only country where the fast food giant does not include beef in its product, McDonalds primary raw material (Harding 2000). In conjunction with Sharma and Srinivasan, Morrison and Beck (2000) add that the costs and risks associated with doing business in India are lower because it is an economically advanced and politically stable democratic (Hill 2009, p.489) nation and it is cheaper for McDonalds to use local raw materials (Morrison and Beck 2000). Prior to its entry into India, the corporation was involved with local suppliers to ensure they were able to generate the right quality and quantity of raw materials required for production. These included potato farms in Gujarat, Trikaya Agriculture for lettuce, Dyanmix Dairy for cheese, and Vista Processed Foods for chicken and vegetables (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). McDonalds also developed a cold chain network, which keeps raw materials fresh as they are moved from the farms to the restaurants at the lowest possible costs. This unique network benefits the local farmers, while at the same time, gives customers high quality food products that are fresh and of great value (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). Goyal and Singh (2007) insist that although traditionally, Indians prefer home-cooked meals, there has been a shift in the food consumption patterns due to westernization. Indians were more receptive to international food and eating out at restaurants (Goyal and Singh 2007). According to worldwatch.org (see Goyal and Singh 2007, p.184), Indias fast food industry is growing by 40% each year. Prior to the entry of international fast food outlets, Goyal and Singh (2007) reveal that Nirulas was a popular domestic fast food provider. The British Wimpys was the first international fast food chain to enter the Indian market in 1984 and were an instant success. Except for Wimpys and later KFC, India was not home to many fast food outlets in the mid-1990s, and the McDonalds Corporation felt they could give something extra to the Indian customers (Goyal and Singh 2007). McDonalds entry into India was initially done through joint-venture companies: M.D. Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. heads up the restaurants in west and south India, while those in the north and east are managed by Connaught Plaza Restaurant Pvt. Ltd. (www.mcdonaldsindia.com). However, this is unlike Vignali (2001) and Hill (2009) who indicate that McDonalds growth and international success is attributed to using the franchising strategy (Hill 2009, p.498). McDonalds allows local firms in India to use its brand name as long as they stick to the franchising contract. They also organize the supply chain for its franchisees and provide management training and financial assistance (Hill 2009). As mentioned in the literature review, maintaining the expected quality of McDonalds products throughout its outlets in India is a challenge (Hill 2009). One way in which they handle this is by establishing a master franchisee (Hill 2009, p.498). This is where the joint venture McDonalds has established with the two local firms is crucial. The managers of the firms, who have been trained at McDonalds Hamburger University in America, head up the two master franchisee and oversee the operations in all McDonalds outlets in India (www.mcdonaldsindia.com; Hill 2009). It can be argued that the American fast food giant initially entered the Indian market through joint-ventures, but then later spread all over the country through franchises. Hill (2009) continues that, through joint ventures and franchising, McDonalds benefits from the local partners knowledge of the countrys competitive conditions, culture, and language, and the corporation is also relieved of the costs and risks of opening in the foreign market on their own; instead, the franchisee assumes all the responsibilities. By using this strategy, McDonalds was able to expand rapidly at a relatively low cost and risk (Hill 2009). IR Model McDonalds adopted the international strategy through franchising to push their core competencies in the Indian market and to customize their products and services to the local customer demands (Hill 2009). This way the corporation relies on local subsidiaries in India to stick to the regulations of running McDonalds and ensure the standardizing of its products and services (Daniels et. al. 2009). However, the Indian market is culturally diverse, so complete standardization within an international scale is impossible. Dana and Vignali (1998) argue that standardization is cheaper, but success is often a function of being able to adapt to an environment (p.50). McDonalds standardizes as much as possible to reduce costs, but they are aware of cultural differences and have adopted the concept of think global, act local (Vignali 2001, p.99). According to Hill (2009), international strategy provides the subsidiaries with some freedom, but the primary control resides with managers at the headquarters in America. Multidomestic strategy, on the other hand, allows McDonalds in India to act independently from its counterparts in America. The Indian subsidiaries are granted the authority to design, make and market new products that directly respond to the local customers preferences (Hill 2009). McDonalds does not use beef because the cow is worshipped by the local Hindu population. In fact, possession of beef could result in five years jail time (Dana and Vignali 1998). Thus, the corporation completely removed beef from all its products, as well as pork for the Muslims (Harding 2001). Instead of the ever-popular Big Macs found in the west, McDonalds in India serves Maharaja Macs made from mutton, spicy vegetarian rice patties (Morrison and Beck 2000), chicken burgers, vegetarian McAloo Tikki burgers, containing potatoes, and vegetarian pizza puffs all designed to draw in the Indian middle-class (Harding 2001; Vignali 2001). Customers in India have different preferences due to cultural and religious differences, so McDonalds is required to modify and adapt their products and services as according to the local demand. Therefore, as indicated in figure 2, McDonalds strategy is positioned between the international and multidomestic quadrant. Culture Craig, Douglas and Bennett (2009) state in their article that as that the opening on McDonalds in India is a reflection of the American culture spreading. The Indian public have mixed feelings about the companys presence in the country. Usually, the younger generation, particularly, the college-going crowd and high school students from the middle-class enjoy the new taste. However, many of them argue that McDonalds food is badexpensiveun-Indian (Harding 2001). Food ingredients are not the only things McDonalds had to modify. They learned the hard way to be aware of the religious belief and value of Hindus, Jains, Muslims and Christians in the country and adapt to each. Dana and Vignali (1998) recount an incident in the late 1990s that arose when McDonalds printed two million bags illustrating the flags of 24 competitors of a football championship. The problem was that the Saudi Arabias flag contained the religious words: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammad is his prophet (Dana and Vignali 1998, p.50). This angered the large Hindu population in the country and caused a scandal, affecting McDonalds reputation. Competition McDonalds key competitor is KFC, another American fast food giant. KFC entered the Indian market a year before McDonalds and there were problems from the start. The corporation would fatten its chicken on maize, but this was also a source of nutrition for the poor in India. They were getting less and less maize and could not even afford to eat at KFC (Dana and Vignali 1998). The Karnataka Farmers Association went on riots to demonstrate their protest and anger at the corporation, and it eventually culminated with KFC losing their permit in the southern state (Dana and Vignali 1998). KFC restaurants in India are limited and many of them have faced issues, such as unsanitary conditions (Dana and Vignali 1998, p.51).                Another competitor in India for McDonalds is the British fast food chain, Wimpys (Dana 1999). They are the only international fast food conglomerate who has been in India the longest. Their growth has been slowed down over the years due to the number of international fast food chains entering India, but they frequently expand and reinvent their menus with Indian dishes to attract Indian customers (Goyal and Singh 2007). Although McDonalds has done comparatively better than KFC in India, the former faced plenty of challenges too. In the following section, recommendations are given on how McDonalds can improve their performance in subcontinent. Recommendations and Conclusion                Early 2000, McDonalds faced a lot of problems and the local population were dissatisfied with the corporations presence in the country. The problems stemmed from the corporations lack of understanding about cultural and religious beliefs in India. This shows a sign of lack of faith and lack of trust, particularly after rumours of beef fat in cooking oil used by the French McDonalds (Harding 2001) set of angry protests in India. Delhis managing director for McDonalds insists the outlets in India do not use beef extracts, but since the McDonalds empire was built on beef products, some Indians find it hard to believe that the local outlets do not use beef extracts (Harding 2001).                It is a delicate situation and a hard problem to solve when religion and cultural beliefs are involved. The best thing McDonalds can do to keep business flowing in India is by building up consumer trust in the Indian market. By establishing a strategic alliance between domestic competitors, like Nirulas, customers might be influenced into eating at McDonalds (Hill 2009). This collaboration would encourage McDonalds to develop more Indian-friendly products, like curries, that fit the tastes of the local demand, and it might present the American corporation in a more favourable light. McDonalds is a popular fast food chain found all over the world. Entering into the Indian market was a brave move and it set new challenges for the corporation due to cultural, religious and ethical differences in the country. McDonalds are still facing problems, but for the most part they have managed to attract a part of the Indian population, fascinated by this western culture. In conclusion, despite the blurring of the physical boundaries between India and America, cultural factors still affect Indian customers buying habits (Banerjee 2008) and McDonalds need to focus on gaining the trust of their local customers, or they will be unsuccessful like their fellow-American competitors, KFC. References BANERJEE, Saikat, 2008. Dimensions of Indian culture, core cultural values, and marketing implications: An analysis. Cross Cultural Management : An International Journal, 15(4), pp.367-378. DANA, Leo Paul, 1999. Nirulas small business. British Food Journal, 101(5/6), pp.500-504. DANA, Leo and VIGNALI, Claudio, 1998. Introductory cases. British Food Journal, 100(2), pp.49-57. DANIELS, John D., RADEBAUGH, Lee H., and SULLIVAN, Daniel P., 2009. International Business: Environments and Operations. 12th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. DOZ, Yves and PRAHALAD, C.K., 1984. Patterns of strategic control within multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 15(2), pp.55-72. CRAIG, Samuel C. and DOUGLAS, Susan P., 2006. Beyond national culture: implications of cultural dynamics for consumer research. International Marketing Review, 23(3), pp.322-342. CRAIG, Samuel C., DOUGLAS, Susan P., and BENNETT, Aronte, 2009. Contextual and cultural factors underlying Americanization. International Marketing Review, 26(1), pp.90-109. GOYAL, Anita and SINGH, N.P., 2007. Consumer perception about fast food in India: an exploratory study. British Food Journal, 109(2), pp.182-195. HARDING, Luke, 2000. Give me a Big Mac but hold the beef [online], available at The Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/dec/28/globalisation.lukeharding [accessed on 1/02/2010]. HARDING, Luke, 2001. Indian McAnger [online], available at The Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/may/07/globalisation.lukeharding [accessed on 1/02/2010]. HILL, Charles W. L., 2009. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. HILL, Charles, W.L., HWANG, Peter, and KIM, Chan W., 1990. An eclectic theory of the choice of international entry mode. Strategic Management Journal, 11(2), pp.117-128. McDonalds Corporation USA, 2010. About McDonalds [online], available at http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com [accessed on 25/01/2010]. McDonalds Corporation India, 2009. About McDonalds [online], available at http://www.mcdonaldsindia.com/aboutus.html [accessed on 26/01/2010]. McDonalds Corporation, 2008. McDonalds 2008 Annual Report [online], available at www.aboutmcdonalds.com [accessed on 29/01/2010]. MORRISON, Allen and BECK, John, 2000. Taking trouble: the key to effective global attention. Strategy Leadership, 28(2), pp.26-32. SHARMA, Somesh Kumar and SRINIVASAN, R., 2008. Perceptions of foreign players for effective positioning in India. Management Decision, 46(10), pp.1465-1481. RAWWAS, Mohammad Y.A., 2001. Culture, personality and morality: A typology international consumers ethical beliefs. International Marketing Review, 18(2), pp.188-209. VIGNALI, Claudio, 2001. McDonalds: think global, act local the marketing mix. British Food Journal, 103(2), pp.97-111.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Cultural Self-Assessment Essay
I got 9 correct answers and 14 incorrect answers. This score is lower than I expected. I was anticipating to get more than half of the total questions right because I thought that the set of questions on cultural competency for health care providers is an easy subject to tackle. However, my assumptions have proven me wrong. I have realized that this topic required more knowledge about different cultures and its relation to providing high-quality and culturally competent medical services. Prior to taking these quiz, I thought that giving medical attention to people from different cultural backgrounds was an uncomplicated task. The reason behind this thinking is that culture is an issue that is familiar with every individual. More so, when dealing with a problem that involves the interaction of two or more dissimilar cultures, the natural instinct is to treat the difference with sensitivity and respect. It may seem that this is as simple as it sounds. But as I learned about the results of the quiz, there appears to be more than just being considerate and being polite. What we currently know does not necessarily mean that it is everything that we ought to know. People should go beyond their comfort zone and try to understand things that are foreign to us. In the field of medicine, it is very important to practice this so as to provide the best care to patients in aid of prolonging and improving their lives. 2. Which items did you answer correctly? Which items did you answer incorrectly? To what do you attribute your incorrect responses? Out if the 23 questions in the quiz, I got mostly correct answers on questions about communicating the similarities and differences of people from different backgrounds. However, there were some aspects of this subject matter that I did not do well such as asking about the patient’s personal background in a non-offensive way and soliciting g information in a non-verbal manner. Meanwhile, the 14 incorrect answers that I obtained were mostly about the beliefs and mannerisms of specific cultures. Also, I did poorly on handling language interpretation between a medical practitioner and the patient. Apparently, based on these results, I have a lot of learning to do to be able to be a competent medical practitioner in a culturally diverse environment. I think that one of the main reasons why I did so badly in this quiz is the assumption that handling cultural differences has a universal approach. More so, I thought that a certain method or attitude can be applicable to numerous race and ethnicity. But in reality, every culture demands to be treated distinctively because a Hispanic patient can have dissimilar needs with and Asian patient or a Western medical approach cannot be applied to a medical problem of a patient from an African descent. 3. How will you enhance your cultural competence in any areas in which you were deficient? How will you maintain your cultural competence in areas in which you were proficient? Since I was able to get more wrong answers than the right ones, I have realized that I have a lot of things to learn that will increase my knowledge about cultural competency and also I have to improve my skills in handling patients of diverse cultural backgrounds. One way of achieving this is by immersing myself to another cultural environment. Thought this, I can have a first-hand experience about the various traditions and beliefs that a certain culture practices. The knowledge that I will gain from this cultural encounter would aid me in becoming more sensitive and more informed on the different aspects of a specific culture which can guide me to become an efficient health care provider. On the other hand, with the culture competence areas that I am proficient, I plan to further my knowledge when it comes to communicating similarities and differences of people from different backgrounds. It is important to properly execute this in order to gain accurate information from the patient and also to provide effective measures as a medical practitioner.
Friday, January 10, 2020
The Idiots Guide to Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade
The Idiot's Guide to Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade The One Thing to Do for Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade The purpose of the expository essay is to expand the info on the subject in a logical way. Expository essays offer more thorough understanding of a particular topic. The thesis of the expository essay ought to be based on factual information which will be displayed in the body of the essay. The expository essay definition could possibly be complemented with a few features. Pick the one which you liek to compose an ideal expository essay! This may be one of the greatest in Expository essay topics. To begin with, you should secure the significance of the expository essay definition and select the topic you understand well or at least find it interesting to find out more about. Attempt to include three or more details in your expository essay. Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade Options If you wrtiing a three 5th gradewhile you're drafting your grade you will likely will need to 5th back to a number of the references you. If you are searching for 3rd Grade Expository Writing Samples you've come to the proper location. To start with, it's essential to comprehend what it is about. Essay writing provides plenty of benefits to students in the academe. Starting off with a considerable occurrence, discovery, or study will provide you with more points in factual research too. Explain why it's essential for students to understand how to do math. As s tudents learn how to read, they need to learn how to recognize different text structures in order that they can predict what kind of information is included. Top Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade Secrets Introduction essay paragraphs are central in any bit of writing for the reason they give readers advance details about the content and the intention behind the material. An essay must be clear and unbiased. Ideally, expository essays attempt to pass details about a specific component, all the ideas about the stated aspect have to get tied together. While an expository essay ought to be clear and concise, it may also be lively and engaging. Finding Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade Online If you're going to compose an expository essay, be ready to devote much time hitting books. Additionally, there are times when you truly feel like you don't need to write something. There may be plenty of things you would like to discuss, but in the long run, there's a need to ac quire right to the point. From its name, you can guess you should have a crystal clear picture of a specific thing as a way to supply your reader with a crystal clear and concise explanation. The purpose of any expository writing is to reveal the characteristics of notions indicated in the subject. The majority of the moment, expository essays are presented by offering a selection of topics and methods to bring up the idea. When you are in possession of a well-formulated topic, it's a half success of your final writing. Before starting writing, take time and develop your ideas before settling on a topic. It's basically important to make sure ideas discussed in the paper follow some purchase and logic for the audience to attach through such and make it simpler for them to comprehend. You will never know, you might wind up contradicting yourself whether you didn't start looking into your sources carefully. Explain the importance of the claim in regards to the general argument. Top Choices of Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade Let's look at some examples. Also, it's very beneficial to create a graphic organizer for support. Presenting information within this manner helps students hold each bit of data in their short-term memory. It is possible to consist of information based on your own personal life findings, but nevertheless, it shouldn't be the sole source. The Pain of Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade Describe several matters you would search for in your ideal high school. Explain why it matters to your loved ones and the way you do the tradition. Describe how you w ould handle a very good friend who's angry with you. If you're more on the conservative end, nor wish to enable your children to date for some time, let them express their feelings openly with you. The Little-Known Secrets to Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade Explain why some students are made to leave school as soon as they are sixteen. Each writing workshop starts with a mini lesson regarding the genre they're currently studying, but students are extremely rarely extended a prompt. Finding out how to compose an essay introduction may appear the ideal start for virtually any student who is fighting with his academic job. Third grade is frequently the year when students first start to experiment with structured writing, including the expository essay. What Is So Fascinating About Expository Essay Samples for 3rd Grade? Focus on your language as it ought to be eerror-free Imagine your essay is a precious stone and produce all its faces shine using an easily readable and unique language. Explain what sorts of feelings you get. In school, it's an unavoidable truth that you are going to be requested to write something about a topic which sometimes you're so eager to finish. Explain the effect of this sort of technology with an eye toward its advantages and disadvantages concerning people's lives. It's relative to the simple fact that, it's the expository essay thesis statement which offers guidance when writing the remaining portion of the paper. A good thesis statement results in a good essay. If you're in the fifth grade and you've got an essay that's due these are a number of top terrific ideas that may allow you to compose a really excellent paper. Essays term papers dissertations and a lot more.
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Opening an Account With Business Letter Writing Basics
Formal English letters have changed recently as email has become more common. In spite of this, understanding good formal English business letter structure will help you write both business letters and effective emails. The only significant change in formal business letters is that the message is received via email, rather than on letterhead. In the case that you send an email, a date and recipient address is not required at the beginning of the letter. The rest of the letter remains the same. Here are helpful phrases and an example of a business letter focusing on opening an account. The following letter outlines the terms of a newly opened business account. Useful Key Phrases Thank you for opening an account with...I would like to take this opportunity ...Invoices are payable within ...As..., I will be happy to answer any questions you may have regarding......and therefore encourage the use of...We consider this incentive... Example Letter I Here is a formal letter providing terms and conditions for opening an account. This letter is an example of a letter individual clients might receive. Dear ____, Thank you for opening an account with our company. As one of the leaders in this industry, we can assure you that our products and our services will not disappoint you. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly set forth our terms and conditions for maintaining an open account with our firm. Invoices are payable within 30 days of receipt, with a 2% discount available if your payment is remitted within ten (10) days of receipt. We consider this incentive an excellent opportunity for our customers to increase their profit margin, and therefore encourage the use of this discount privilege whenever possible. We do, however, require that our invoices be paid within the specified time, for our customers to take advantage of this 2% discount. At various times throughout the year we may offer our customers additional discounts on our products. In determining your cost in this case, you must apply your special discount first, and then calculate your 2% discount for early payment. As the credit manager, I will be happy to answer any questions you may have regarding your new account. I can be reached at the above number. Welcome to our family of customers. Sincerely, Kevin Mangione Online Terms and Conditions Heres an example of terms and conditions that might be provided on a website. In this case, the language is formal, but directed to all. Key Phrases The user agrees to ...As a condition of use, you agree to ...... you promise to not ....... for any purpose Welcome to our online community. As a member, you will enjoy the benefits of a vibrant online social forum. In order to keep everyone happy, we have these simple terms and conditions. The user agrees to follow rules posted on the user forum. Further, you promise to not post inappropriate comments as deemed by forum supervisors. As a condition of use, you agree to not post advertisements of any kind. This includes simple messages posted in online chats. Finally, the user agrees to not use content posted in the forums on other sites for any purpose. Practice Letter Fill in the gaps to complete this short letter setting out conditions to begin writing your own terms and conditions or emails. Dear ____, Thank you for __________________. Id like to take this opportunity to assure you that _____________. Ive provided this terms and conditions for ____________________. _____________ are payable within ________ days of receipt, with a _______ discount available if your payment is made within ________ days of receipt. As the __________, I will be happy to answer any questions you may have regarding your new account. I can be reached at ________. Thank you for your _________ and ____________. Sincerely, _________ For further types of business letters use this guide to different types of business letters to refine your skills for specific business purposes such as making inquiries, adjusting claims, writing cover letters and more. For more detailed help with standard business writing skills, I highly recommend these business English books.
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Stereotyping of Asian American Youth The Effects on...
Introduction: Throughout American history, the United States has been a cauldron where different diversities mix and mingle. In this hot pot of diversity, all of the ingredients (ethnicities) will not always conform to one and other; this could possibly lead to discrimination. This paper will be primarily focus on the discrimination towards Asian American youth of the 21st century and how it affects their academics. The research question guiding this investigation is â€Å"To what extent does the stereotyping of Asian American high school students as the model minority impact their performance on standardized tests such as ACT?†The focus will lead towards the stereotyping of Asian American students such as smart, math geniuses, or good at†¦show more content†¦Vincent Chin was a Chinese orphan who came to the United States with his adoptive parents. He went to college and graduated obtaining his Bachelors in engineering. At the age of 27, on track with the love of hi s life he was about to achieve the American dream, getting married and raising a family. Before his wedding, he went out with friends on a bachelors party at a bar. This was the scene where the two assailants, Ronald Ebens and his stepson Michael Nitz, targeted Mr.Chin and followed him to a Mcdonalds. The two men found and beat Vincent chin to death presuming he was Japanese. Due to Japan’s automotive invasion of the United States, Chin’s assailants were laid off from their careers at an automotive company which was the underlying cause of the resentment towards Asians. Ebens and Nitz blamed Japanese people for the economic downfall of the U.S automotive industry. This incident brought up the controversy American society has planted on the Asian race,â€Å"they all look the same.†These negative stereotypes casted upon Asian society brought the community together to rebel against the injustice and oppression. Ms.Chin ,Vincent Chins mother, became an activist ral lying support at Asian dinners and family restaurants continued the spread of the message and further united the Asian community. Due to theShow MoreRelatedAsian American Students : Combating The Effects Stereotypes And Cultural Differences1701 Words  | 7 PagesDevin Hong 75827376 Asian American Politics - ASAM 131 O Brien 11/13/14 Midterm - Research Dossier Asian American Students: Combating the Effects Stereotypes and Cultural Differences Introduction The population of Asian Americans and Asian immigrants in America doubled between 1980 and 1990, with the expectation to double again between 1990 and 2020. As such, Asian-Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in this country; yet their particular educational needs at the early childhoodRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Racism1710 Words  | 7 Pagesand many things pertaining to racism were made illegal but that doesn’t mean racism disappeared. Although the separation of the races are more organized, racism can lead the world back to inequality, the spread of hate and judgment can impact the youths for the worse, and the integration of different races means that everyone can share their traditions and cultures. Some people may believe there are not specific types of racism but there are indeed different categories such as: Colorism, InternalizedRead More509 Paper3137 Words  | 13 PagesHuman Services Abstract Multiculturalism in education is an essential element in shaping America’s increasingly diverse society by reducing racism. This research takes a look at the relationship between multiculturalism and how educating the youth would cure racism. Multiculturalism is the view that cultural differences should be respected or even encouraged. The concept of multiculturalism reduces racism in our society because it forces people to communicate and understand individuals’ culturesRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words  | 96 PagesOhio Wesleyan Writing Center Founded University Promoting1955 as a hallmark of liberal arts education writing Writing Guidelines Statements of Purpose From the OWU Writing Center in the Sagan Academic Resource Center The OWU Writing Center Corns 316 ââ€" ª (740-368-3925) ââ€" ª http://writing.owu.edu ââ€" ª open Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose Contents Writing Your Statement of Purpose ..........Read MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words  | 134 PagesCommunications and Media Authority (ACMA). The objectives of the CTS are to provide for children to be specifically catered for in programming, including Australian programming, and to provide for the protection of children from the possible harmful effects of television. The advertising provisions are a subset of the CTS and regulate the amount, content and presentation of commercial advertising material directed to children. These provisions were designed to address concerns about advertising directedRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words  | 98 Pagesvaries by country and often within country. The regions where these trends for increasing abuse occur are Africa, Europe (especially eastern Europe) and the Americas (except for the Bahamas, Canada, Ecuador and the United States of America). In the Asian and Pacific region, a mixed trend emerged, wi th as many countries reporting stable or slight decreases as increases. In the Near and Middle East, increasing abuse was found in Egypt, Israel, Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic. 7 Several StatesRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words  | 117 Pagescultural problems is developed through their experience in a number of different fields. Academic Knowledge Cross cultural consultants will generally have an academic background either in specific courses such as Cross Cultural Communication and Trade or Cross Cultural Psychology or in related courses such as International Relations or Business Studies. Their studies will equip them with the academic skills and knowledge of the field that will later be applied in the business context. BusinessRead MoreHigh School Student Essay20272 Words  | 82 PagesStudents Chapter 3 Learner Diversity: Differences in Today’s Students Chapter 4 Changes in American Society: Their Influences on Today’s Schools ISBN: 0-536-29980-3 Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, Second Edition, by Donald Kauchak and Paul Eggen Published by Prentice-Hall/Merrill. Copyright  © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 0-536-29980-3 Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, Second Edition, by Donald Kauchak and Paul Eggen Published by Prentice-Hall/MerrillRead MoreLgbt19540 Words  | 79 Pagesdiscrimination against lesbian, gay and bisexual people. It is also the dislike of same-sex attraction and love or the hatred of people who have those feelings. The term was first used in the 1970s and is more associated with ignorance, prejudice and stereotyping than with the physiological reactions usually attributed to a ‘phobia. While homophobic comments or attitudes are often unintentional, they can cause hurt and offence to lesbian, gay and bisexual people. Transphobia Transphobia refers to fearRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words  | 89 Pagesthe authors apply ethical theories to determine whether such discrimination can be seen as moral or immoral. Design/methodology/approach – It is a legal paper which covers all the laws related to discrimination based on look. Court cases and Americans laws related to this concept are reviewed and critically discussed. Findings – The paper finds that appearance-based discrimination is not illegal in the USA so long as it does not violate civil rights laws. Research limitations/implications –
Monday, December 16, 2019
Mood Disorders Free Essays
Read the case study and type using 12 fonts directly into the rubric. Save the document, print it and submit to your clinical instructor (turn in to secretary) when due (see course calendar). Darlene, age 62 years, has been admitted to the local psychiatric facility for inpatient treatment of depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Mood Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now She became severely depressed when her son experienced a traumatic brain injury sustained in an automobile accident 6 years ago. Since her son’s accident, she has selected to pay her bills on time, has difficulty sleeping and difficulty concentrating, has lost interest in eating, and has lost 30 pounds during the last year. She is complaining of frequent headaches, generalized pain and malaise. She no longer attends the weekly sewing club due Tao lack of interest and energy. Her husband of 40 years divorced her 2 years ago. Her home needs repairs, and she says she feels overwhelmed with completing the maintenance required. She expresses feelings of helplessness. She states that she â€Å"is alone and no one cares. Darlene reports that he often sits alone at night watching television and sips on a can of beer. She has been noncompliance with pharmacological antidepressant therapy, which has led to her admission to an acute care psychiatric setting. She hardly makes eye contact, slouches in her seat and wears a blank but sad expression. She says to you, â€Å"this feeling of depression is the worst thin g I have had to go through since my son’s accident. I will never go through this again. I guarantee you this will be my last episode of depression. †â€Å"My mother suffered from depression and it destroyed our family. The physician has indicated that if Darlene does not respond to medication over the next 2-3 days, he will order ACT. Darlene has a history of hypertension but has not been taking medication. On admission her pulse is 98, Temperature is 99. 2 and blood pressure is 174/96 and her doctor prescribes Corer. She states she has been diagnosed with GEAR and used to take Proposes, but she has not taken any the past six months even though she still has symptoms of Acid Reflux. Her doctor reorders the Proposes upon admission. She had surgery twenty years ago to remove a benign tumor from her left ovary. Mood Disorders By enormous How to cite Mood Disorders, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Advanced Taxation Ryanair Limited
Question: Discuss about the Advanced Taxation for Ryanair Limited. Answer: Introduction The present study incorporates a case summary between Ryanair Limited and The Revenue Commissioners by considering the point of law, background of the case along with the facts. The discussion also covers the concept on revenue position including the discussion on misinterpretation of Rompleman and Centime case laws. The study involves discussion on the eligibility of taxable person as per the regulations under Value Added Tax Act 1972. In addition, the discussion also involves explanation based on CIBO case for considering taxable revenues for the department. Discussion The present case of Ryanair Limited v The Revenue Commissioners (2013) IEHC 195 contains an issue on determination of appellants entitlement for deducting input VAT on the amount of professional fees. It has been noted that the taxpayer was involved in the business of transportation of air passenger and the income derived from the business was not subjected to Irish VAT. However, the taxpayer claimed his entitlement for reclaiming the amount of input VAT on the service cost in relation to the business activities (Strangio and Tamborrino 2016). It has been stated in the case that a taxpayer is entitled to deduct an amount only during the time of chargeability of deductible tax. In the given case, the appellant earned VAT on the professional fees with respect to Bid in which the taxpayer claimed deduction based on the taxable supplies. The court in this connection contended the valuation and inclusion of Value Added Tax for supply of goods and services in accordance with the VAT regulations as per Irish Tax Act. Further, the court considered the concept of taxable person as per the regulation under Article 4 that provides a taxable person is considered as an independent individual who carries economic activity in any place comprising the producers or traders activity (Irishstatutebook.ie 2017). Under the rulings in case of Ropelman v Minister van Finance, the court contended that the attainment of right for the future property transfer was an economic activity. The court considered the contents of Article 4(1) on harmonization of law that is related to the turnover tax consists in several commercial transactions. It has been clarified that the asset acquisition, immovable property acquisition and transfer of rights consists as a part of commercial transactions hence, should be considered as economic activity (Pfeif fer 2015). Similarly, in case of Centime Limited v Crawford Inspector of Taxes (2005) IEHC 328, the respondent required repayment of VAT that was charged by the concerned suppliers. However, it was contended under the rulings that the appellant was having taxable interest in the transfer of property before the registration on VAT has been made (Harris 2015). The court held that the appellant had clear purpose to develop the football stadium meant to be used for other activities; hence it was considered as economic activity for the purpose of VAT. The present case contained the proceedings based on the regulations of section 941 under VAT Consolidation Act 2010. The court held that the appellant conducted a formal bid in order to purchase the securities of Aer Lingus with an intention to operate the business of airline through a single group but with different brands. It was further contended that the business will be conducted by using substantial proficiency to enhance Aer Linguss performance. Even though the appellant could not win the entire bid, Ryanair Limited acquired a part of share capital which was not considered as significant acquisition (Webb et al. 2013). On the contrary, court held that the appellant, Ryanair Limited incurred Value Added Tax on the professional fees that was paid with respect to the process of Bid. The respondent that is Revenue Commissioner refused to allow the claim for deducting Value Added Tax based on the condition that the bid was not an economic activity and it was not connected to the ta xpayers general business. However, the court held that the bid was conducted to acquire rights on shares for future transactions hence, it shall consists a part of economic activity and hence the appellant is entitled to claim VAT deduction paid of professional fees (Marcum, Martin and Strickland 2015). Conclusion In view of the above case discussion, it can be said that deduction of Value Added Tax on the taxable supplies can be claimed on the basis of economic activities as per the regulations stated in Irish Tax Act. The given case provided that the appellant was entitled to claim VAT deduction on the professional fees incurred for bid process as the bid was conducted to acquire the acquisition rights for future business transactions. The process was held to be an economic activity as per Article 4(1) hence; Ryanair Limited was entitled to claim VAT deduction. Reference List Harris, D., 2015. International Tax Implications of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Proposal to Neutralize Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements.Cath. UL Rev.,65, p.635. Irishstatutebook.ie. 2017. Irish Statute Book. [online] Available at: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie [Accessed 7 Apr. 2017]. Marcum, B., Martin, D.R. and Strickland, D., 2015. Merger waves and corporate inversions: Causes and consequences.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,26(5), pp.85-91. Pfeiffer, S., 2015. Current questions of EU VAT grouping.World Journal of VAT/GST Law,4(1), pp.26-40. Strangio, D. and Tamborrino, R.R.M., 2016. Patrimonio urbano e cibo etnico: la Little Italy di New York e la sua immagine per uno studio comparato. Aspetti preliminari di un progetto in itinere.CITTA'E STORIA,11(1), pp.91-121. Webb, J.W., Bruton, G.D., Tihanyi, L. and Ireland, R.D., 2013. Research on entrepreneurship in the informal economy: Framing a research agenda.Journal of Business Venturing,28(5), pp.598-614.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)